Urban transport systems are crucial for maintaining the dynamic operations of modern cities, yet they are significant consumers of energy and contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. This paper explores the potential of innovative thermal insulation coatings to enhance energy efficiency in urban transport systems, particularly focusing on metro and light rail systems. Thermal insulation coatings can mitigate heat transfer, thereby reducing the energy needed for heating and cooling urban transport infrastructure. By maintaining more consistent temperatures, these coatings improve thermal comfort for passengers and potentially increase ridership. The study examines the energy consumption patterns and CO2 emissions associated with urban transport and offers policy recommendations to minimize energy use and emissions, promoting sustainable urban mobility. A comprehensive, system-wide approach is proposed to overcome the unique challenges of improving energy efficiency in urban rail systems, taking into account the complexities of both above-ground and underground infrastructures. The findings suggest that innovative thermal insulation coatings can achieve significant energy savings without compromising service quality or capacity. The paper calls for further research to explore the full potential of these coatings and other energy-efficient strategies to create more sustainable, energy-efficient urban transport systems, contributing to the broader goal of building more livable and environmentally friendly cities.