Cumulative trauma refers to the repeated exposure to traumatic events over an individual’s lifetime, which can lead to profound psychological, biological, and social consequences. This chapter explores the biopsychosocial impacts of cumulative trauma, highlighting the psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), that emerge as a result of prolonged exposure to stressors. It also discusses the therapeutic challenges in treating individuals with cumulative trauma histories and presents strategies for nursing assessment and care. The complexity of trauma symptomatology, including its variability in presentation, and the importance of comprehensive, individualized care are emphasized, with consideration of age, culture, and societal factors.