Trauma and stressor-related disorders encompass a range of mental health conditions triggered by traumatic experiences or significant stressors, including PTSD, adjustment disorders, and prolonged grief disorder. PTSD, recognized in the DSM-5, is characterized by four symptom clusters: intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in mood, and alterations in arousal. Biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to the development and severity of PTSD. Trauma history assessment in clinical practice requires sensitivity and the use of standardized screening tools. Ongoing research on PTSD focuses on neurobiological mechanisms, inflammatory responses, and effective treatment modalities such as trauma-focused psychotherapy and resilience-building strategies.