Akka Mahadevi
摘要
Akka Mahādevi is a woman saint from medieval Karnataka in South India. She uttered what are known as vacanas, spontaneous verbalizations of the experiences she had while on the path of enlightenment as per the Hindu yogic tradition. The exact number of vacanas she composed varies in the different editions that have collected them, yet the number is generally more than 300 (Basavarāju, 1988; Chaitanya 2005; Jagadguru 2001; Rajuru 2001; Maruḷayya 2008). Her vacanas are mostly short couplets and dialogic in nature, addressing men and women townspeople giving a sense that she “speaks” directly to them as she walks or at a temple or town square. The vacanas are also addressed to her favorite deity, Chennamallikārjuna, always ending with an invocation of the deity, a form of Śiva, which serves as her signature. Akka Mahādevi also composed the Yogā nga Trividhi, which refers to several spiritual paths. The text emphasizes the significance of her own yogic spiritual path and records her experiences. The prefix “Akka” means sister, a respectful form of addressing a renunciate (Ramanujan 1973). She has alternatively been called Mahadeviyakka, a compound word of Mahadevi and akka (Ramanujan 1973).