The production of rules for Minoresses, which began in the thirteenth century, resulted from two conflicting impulses: women’s eagerness to observe forms of religious life focused on penitential devotion and evangelical poverty, and the pressure exerted by the papacy to channel these women into more normative and homogeneous patterns of living. Clare of Assisi and Isabelle of France were both inspired by and actively adapted Francis of Assisi’s model of religious life, based on radical poverty and charity, and laid the foundation of the two orders of enclosed women within the Franciscan family: Minoresses and Poor Clares.