Rabi‘a al-‘Adawiyya (c.717–801 CE) is one of the most celebrated women ascetics in Islamic history. The historic Rabi‘a was an early Muslim ascetic whose deep faith, pious actions, and wise teachings were known in her own lifetime and have left a long and lasting legacy. Her life, narrative, and voice are carried through centuries of Arabic and Persian hagiographies, bio-bibliographies, and Sufi treatises, where Rabi‘a emerges as a model Sufi from whom the doctrine of divine love or love mysticism is rooted. A rich archive of poetry, anecdotes, and sayings have been attributed to Rabi‘a that showcase a voice rich in emotion, fierce in resolve, and full of wisdom and wit. This entry provides an introduction to the historic Rabi‘a and the myth of Rabi‘a; her life, narrative, and poetry; and ends with her legacy in our contemporary present.