In a unique approach to group relations through competing social contracts, reformist insurgency and counterinsurgency are viewed as forms of a competitive state-building contest to shape the state-society contract. The theory of the reformist insurgency-society contract is introduced, and insurgency contracting literature is discussed in relation to ungoverned territories, popular support, political orders, and territorial control. Shifting from the previous two chapters’ focus on conceptualizing social contract theory, this chapter operationalizes this theory and applies it to contemporary state- and insurgency-society contracts. To answer the question why and how people bond with each other to form alternative societal groups and with insurgent organizations in lieu of, in competition with, or parallel to governments to form reformist insurgency-society contracts, and how the state-society contract and the government affect this process, the Grievance-Driven Pathway is offered as one way through which this can occur. The two novel case studies draw on and apply the Comprehensive Social Contract (CSC) Framework and the Grief-Driven Pathway and are the Sudanese Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/A) in Darfur, Sudan, and the Union for Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) in the northeast region in the Central African Republic (CAR).