Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease, typically characterized by transmural inflammation of the intestine and could affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from mouth to perianal area. In terms of distribution of the disease, 25% of the patients have colitis only, 25% have ileitis only, and 50% have ileocolitis. Despite the advancement in medical therapies, surgical interventions remain a mainstay for the treatment of CD, and approximately 40% to 50% of patients require surgery within 10 years of diagnosis. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with mucosal inflammation that involves only the colon, characterized by a proximal extension from rectum to cecum, without small bowel involvement. Despite the wide range of available medical therapies, surgery is still required in 10% of patients affected by UC and increases to 53% in steroid-refractory patients. In the chapter, we have analyzed clinical presentations of both diseases with surgical indications, type of surgery, and management of complications. In conclusion, we underline the importance of the role of IBD nurse in the management of all the complex situations that IBD patients live, solving problems and improving quality of life.