Protecting the environment while treating wastewater is crucial. This chapter explains how environmental assessments (EAs) help ensure wastewater treatment plants operate responsibly. We start by highlighting why EAs are important, including following regulations and minimizing environmental impact. The chapter then discusses key concerns like water quality, air emissions, and land use changes from these plants. Next, we explore the different steps involved in an EA, like setting the scope and evaluating potential impacts. Specific tools used, like computer models and field studies, are also explained. Recognizing the importance of public input, the chapter emphasizes involving stakeholders in the EA process. Strategies for effective communication and collaboration are also discussed. Finally, the chapter underlines the significance of clear reports summarizing the EA findings. These reports play a role in permitting decisions, ultimately contributing to more sustainable and responsible wastewater treatment plants. By following these steps and engaging stakeholders, this chapter aims to equip readers with a basic understanding of conducting environmental assessments for wastewater treatment plants.