In this opening chapter, I argue for the need to revisit the thought of Lipps and reinstate him as a major figure of German thought. First, I address the question of Lipps’s critical fortune, discussing successively his relative marginalization as an intellectual figure in the contemporary context, his status as a famous and influential thinker during his lifetime, and the semi-purgatory into which he fell after his death. Second, I offer a critical review of the Lipps scholarship as it has developed in recent decades. I show that, in spite of some noteworthy advances in recent years, Lipps’s oeuvre still remains surprisingly understudied. Indeed, not only has it been discussed in a piecemeal, narrow, and unsystematic way, but it has also suffered from a distorted interpretation, due largely to the influence of the phenomenological tradition. Third and last, I insist that a proper reappraisal of Lipps’s work requires that his ideas be investigated from the standpoint of his work as a whole. I contend that his ideas need to be reconsidered in all of their multifaceted theoretical and contextual dimensions, in their diachronicity, and as the product of an original thinker whose work holds relevance to current philosophy and science.