Summary and Conclusions
摘要
We are thrilled with the second edition of “Nutrition, Fitness, and Mindfulness. An evidence-based guide for clinicians.” The publication of the first edition was immediately followed by the most dramatic pandemic of our lifetime. COVID-19 taught several lessons, but one of them was the demonstration that maintenance of a healthy lifestyle was even more challenging than usual with social isolation contributing to increased calorie and alcohol intake and well as barriers to participation in physical activity that culminated in unhealthy population mean weight gain. That alone makes the topics of this book all the more important, since its main focus is to emphasize a complete healthy lifestyle approach that not only includes healthy dietary patterns but also physical activity, meditation, and mindfulness to allow the busy practitioner to tailor the lifestyle medicine to the individual patient. The purpose of this second edition is to further elaborate in the creation of a core background of knowledge to support practitioners with a holistic approach to medicine recommending a lifestyle that prevents the development and/or treat non-communicable chronic diseases, independently of or synergistically with medications. Significant innovations in the therapeutic armamentarium to treat chronic conditions are introduced year after year, but a healthy lifestyle is an important core of therapeutic interventions that the practitioner should apply in practice. The practice of medicine is evolving, leaving clinicians with less time to deal with more complex clinical problems using an array of interventions and drug therapies that are continually growing. These factors all significantly influence patient outcomes and cannot be overlooked. Additionally, the rise of unregulated information through social media has overwhelmed the public with conflicting advice, making it more crucial than ever for practitioners to rely on evidence-based information that extends beyond pharmacological treatments. As in the first edition, the importance of addressing lifestyle factors is emphasized—how to eat, exercise, and live mindfully to support overall health and, ideally, reduce the need for medications or reinforce drug efficacy. Nearly all of the chapters from the first edition are updated. In addition, six chapters, new to the second edition, address limiting ultra-processed foods, cultural approaches to nutrition, food as medicine, multicomponent exercise strategies for older adults, lifestyle interventions to reduce cancer risk, integrative approach to lifestyle in diabetes, and social determinants of health barriers and solutions to healthy lifestyle.