Watershed Prioritization of the Upper Ravi Basin, Himachal Himalaya Using Morphometric and Hypsometric Analysis
摘要
Effective water management plays a critical role in mitigating the impacts of climate change, alleviating water scarcity, and addressing the growing demands of a rising global population. Within this context, prioritizing watersheds has emerged as a key component of sustainable natural resource management, particularly in regions under significant environmental stress. This study aims to estimate prioritization of sub-watersheds in the Upper Ravi basin using morphometric analysis and the hypsometric integral (HI). The analysis used data derived from a digital elevation model (CartoDEM: 30 m resolution, 2015) and Survey of India toposheets at 1:50000 scale (1986). The Upper Ravi basin is subdivided into 10 sub-watersheds (SW) for comprehensive assessment. The morphometric analysis including linear, areal, and relief aspects, with 18 morphometric parameters, are estimated for detailed examination. Among these, ten morphometric parameters are selected through a multicollinearity test. Additionally, the hypsometric integral (HI) has also been estimated to further refine and corroborate the prioritization results. Both morphometric and hypsometric parameters are normalized and ranked to prioritize the sub-watersheds based on their physical characteristics, which directly influence hydrological behavior, erosion potential, and overall watershed health. All the sub-watersheds are then classified into three priority levels: low, medium, and high. The findings revealed that SW1, SW3, SW5, and SW6 consistently ranked as high-priority areas, indicating an urgent need for focused watershed management interventions. Furthermore, SW4, SW7, SW8, and SW9 are classified as moderate priority areas. The proposed conservation measures include the integration of indigenous technical knowledge and slope-specific action plans, such as field bunding, contour cultivation, and filter strips that account for micro-level slope variability. These results provide valuable insights for decision-makers in the Upper Ravi basin, enabling the implementation of targeted watershed management strategies to enhance sustainability and reduce vulnerability to environmental challenges.