Land resource plays a crucial role in South Asia as it ensures food security and provides accommodation to a significant population of the world. Sustainable land resource policies are essential to build resilience against climate risks in the region and the livelihood security of the population. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of land resource policies across the South Asian countries which are marked by varied socioeconomic conditions and ecological diversities. It analyzes the historical progression of land policies, highlighting the impact of colonial legacies, recent changes in the policies, and their effects on the environment and society. Critical policy frameworks are examined to assess their effects on land tenure, governance dynamics, technological advancements, and sustainable resource management. The review reveals that, despite significant advancements in enhancing land tenure security and promoting sustainable agricultural practices, substantial challenges persist, particularly for marginalized communities such as women and indigenous groups, who continue to encounter systemic barriers to land access and rights. The rapid pace of urbanization and the intensifying impacts of climate change further underscore the urgent need for equitable and adaptive land policies. Thus, the study proposes participatory governance frameworks that encourage collaboration among diverse stakeholders and empower local communities. These findings offer crucial insights that can guide future research and inform policy development, contributing to the creation of a more resilient, inclusive, and equitable land governance system in the region.