Environment pollution continues to remain a critical challenge, driven by industrialization and urbanization, which releases pollutants such as heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and pesticides into ecosystems. Traditional method often lacks efficiency and sustainability, necessitating innovative solutions. Nanomaterials have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique properties which includes high surface area, tunable porosity, catalytic activity and chemical stability enabling enhanced detection, control and removal of pollutants. This chapter explores the role of nanomaterials in environmental pollution control, focusing on their applications in pollutant detection, adsorption, photocatalytic degradationand nanobioremediation. Key materials to address pollution include metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, quantum dots, nanofiber membranes and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The potential ecological and health hazards of nanomaterials require the establishment of proper regulatory frameworks. The chapter reviews current regulations, risk assessment strategiesand international standards, highlighting challenges and emphasizing the need for adaptive policies. By balancing and integrating innovation with safety, nanomaterials offer promising solutions for sustainable environmental management.