Contamination of natural water aquifers occurs through a dynamic, equilibrated process of adsorption that takes place at interfaces. Nanoadsorbents for heavy metal pollutants have become a global challenge. Heavy metals pose significant challenges for water treatment technology due to their severe environmental impacts and persistent risks of mismanagement. Adsorption is a surface boundary phenomenon of the formation of species from a bulk phase onto a liquid or solid phase. Particles that aggregate around the surface during the high adsorption capacity are being produced to increase the removal efficiency of impurities from wastewater. Nanomagnetic adsorbents have a lot of promise for treating wastewater. This chapter highlights the use of nanotechnology for environmental pollution treatment of heavy metals from wastewater. It discusses water pollution and the types of water pollution, as well as the fundamentals of adsorption, such as adsorption mechanisms and types. Additionally, it covers different treatment methods for addressing organic chemicals, pesticides, medicines, heavy metals, and other contaminants.