Owing to their immense surface area, adjustable porosity, and ability to encapsulate active species, metal–organic frameworks, or MOFs, are found to be promising materials in photocatalytic applications. Scientific investigations for harvesting solar energy utilizing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have grown considering the increased requirement of clean and green energy, and MOFs are critical as potent photocatalysts in AOPs. MOFs consist of organic linkers and metal nodes, and due to their semiconductor-like nature, they can absorb light and transfer charges in catalytic reactions. Their flexible architectures allow pore properties to be optimized, metal nanoparticles to be added, and functional groups to be introduced—all enhancing photocatalytic performance. The diversity of MOFs is complemented by a range of synthesis methods, such as conventional solvothermal methods, microwave-assisted synthesis, electrochemical synthesis, mechanochemical methods, and sonochemical methods. These materials have shown potential in applications such as organic pollutant degradation, CO₂ conversion, and photocatalytic water splitting. Nevertheless, issues exist with charge carrier transport, structural stability, and efficiency under visible light. The aim of continued research is to maximize the utilization of solar energy for environmentally and energetically sustainable applications through the optimization of MOF-based photocatalysts via metal doping, ligand functionalization, and hybridization with inorganic semiconductors.