In order to improve the environmental conditions and reduce the cost of coal-water fuel, its production is based on the use of all types of coal, as well as coal refuse. The use of coal-water fuel in thermal power generation allows reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur, and carbon monoxide into the atmosphere. The paper provides a rational way of using different modes of transport for transporting highly concentrated coal-water fuel depending on the freight volume and the transportation distance. The optimal order of fuel transportation to the consumption points on the route of the selected hydrotransport network has been determined using Prim’s algorithm and the method of branches and boundaries. The shortest distances between the points included in one route have been determined using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. The algorithm for choosing the optimal option for transporting highly concentrated coal-water fuel is developed according to two options: with one point of fuel production and with two points of production. The optimization process has been carried out taking into account the reduction of the total loss of the coal-water fuel flow during its transportation between the departure point and all consumption points in turn along the common pipeline reducing the diameters of pipes in the network sections. When using the author's method, the topology of the transport network of distribution among the consumption points of coal-water fuel is optimized and the total length of the selected transport network is determined. The economic benefits of the proposed research are determined.