Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is a composite material predominantly composed of mineral aggregates, asphalt binder, and air voids. The gradation of these aggregates is deliberately specified over a wide range to optimize the utilization of local materials. However, this range has a notable impact on asphalt concrete performance, primarily through aggregate surface area. This study assessed the effect of aggregate surface area on the asphalt mixture. Various surface areas were determined within the specified gradation range using an empirical factor. Trial mixes were prepared, each with different surface areas, and evaluated using the Marshall mix design. The results showed that increasing the surface area directly influenced the optimal bitumen content, affecting the binder coating. Small surface area changes considerably impacted volumetric properties. Mixtures with surface areas of 4.58 and 6.19 m2/kg exhibited enhanced Marshall stability, flow, and volumetric properties. The study concludes that the most favorable asphalt concrete performance is achieved by employing aggregate surface areas within the middle gradation range. It is recommended to prioritize surface areas of 4.58 and 6.19 m2/kg for high-performing hot mix asphalt production.