The investigation of the behaviour of Vilnius St. Anne church, the prominent historical building belonging to the cultural heritage of Vilnius City, affected by dynamic external loading due to action of city traffic is considered. During the preliminary investigation the various damages and multi-cracking in the masonry structures of the St. Anne church has been observed. They are caused the long–term maintenance of this historical building. Item, the rapid growth of city traffic intensity in the last decade causes the increase the dynamic load, which is not completely controlled and the effect of this historical building of Vilnius Old Town is unpredictable. Especially, the full-scale dynamic experiment was conducted to predict dynamic behaviour of structure considered. The mass accelerations of church structures have been measured during the experimental study. The influence of the city traffic was estimated according to two typical sources - the conventional city traffic (natural source) and the dynamic impact, caused by heavily loaded truck moving on the street nearby to the church (increased risk source). The influence of induced vibrations is recorded by accelerometers located at various altitudes of the church structures. The results obtained are presented by accelerograms. Dynamic effects are evaluated by considering acceleration magnitudes and response spectra. A comparative analysis of various dynamic loadings is presented and the appropriate conclusions and recommendations are provided.