Bleeding complications remain a critical concern in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) particularly given the high comorbidity burden. Post-TAVI bleeding is categorized into early (≤30 days) and late (>30 days) phases, with distinct contributing factors such as procedural techniques, anticoagulation strategies, and patient-related risks, including atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction. Updated definitions from the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-3) provide a standardized framework for classifying and evaluating bleeding events. Advances in procedural techniques, including reduced sheath sizes and refined closure devices, have significantly decreased bleeding rates over time. Prognostic data indicates that bleeding, particularly life-threatening or major events, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, with nonaccess site bleeding posing a higher risk than access site bleeding. Predictive tools such as the PREDICT-TAVR score stratify patients based on bleeding risk, aiding in clinical decision-making. Evidence supports the use of single antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulation alone to minimize bleeding without increasing ischemic events. Effective prevention strategies include optimized access techniques, careful patient selection, and appropriate antithrombotic therapy. The chapter emphasizes the importance of tailored approaches to improve procedural safety and long-term outcomes in TAVI patients.

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Management and Prognostic Implications of Bleeding Post-TAVI

  • Hamza Lodhi,
  • Guilherme Attizzani,
  • Anene Ukaigwe

摘要

Bleeding complications remain a critical concern in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) particularly given the high comorbidity burden. Post-TAVI bleeding is categorized into early (≤30 days) and late (>30 days) phases, with distinct contributing factors such as procedural techniques, anticoagulation strategies, and patient-related risks, including atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction. Updated definitions from the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC-3) provide a standardized framework for classifying and evaluating bleeding events. Advances in procedural techniques, including reduced sheath sizes and refined closure devices, have significantly decreased bleeding rates over time. Prognostic data indicates that bleeding, particularly life-threatening or major events, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, with nonaccess site bleeding posing a higher risk than access site bleeding. Predictive tools such as the PREDICT-TAVR score stratify patients based on bleeding risk, aiding in clinical decision-making. Evidence supports the use of single antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulation alone to minimize bleeding without increasing ischemic events. Effective prevention strategies include optimized access techniques, careful patient selection, and appropriate antithrombotic therapy. The chapter emphasizes the importance of tailored approaches to improve procedural safety and long-term outcomes in TAVI patients.