This chaper goes in depth to investigate how presidents have used directives to enhance equal employment opportunities for African Americans. The chapter opens with a discussion of the history of the use of directives on equal employment opportunities for African Americans. An overview of directives from Presidents Roosevelt to Johnson clearly shows the significance of these administrative actions. The chapter discusses how Presidents Nixon to Trump used their directives to expand and augment an administrative system to address equal employment opportunities in the federal government. Because presidents do not act in a vacuum, the chapter discusses the interrelationship of directives with laws enacted by Congress and decisions of the Supreme Court. A timeline of the directives, laws, and Supreme Court cases discussed within the chapter is included in Appendix 2.