Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of lung disorders characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitial tissue. Despite progress in understanding ILDs, diagnosing and monitoring these conditions remain significant challenges. Molecular biomarkers are emerging as promising tools to enhance diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized management of ILDs. Biomarkers such as KL-6, surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-D), and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) have been identified as potential indicators of disease progression and severity. Other markers, including cytokines (e.g., IL-6) and chemokine ligands (e.g., CCL-18), offer further insights into the pathogenic pathways involved. Although no biomarker is currently used in clinical practice, ongoing research in proteomics and genomics is transforming the landscape of ILDs and paving the way for precision medicine to improve patient outcomes.