Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung. Current treatment algorithms incorporate diagnosis- and phenotype-driven approaches to ILD management, yet these approaches are often inadequate. A precision medicine approach to ILD may allow for more accurate prognostication and management decisions. In this chapter, we discuss the future roles of genetic biomarkers, exhaled breath analysis, bronchoscopy, molecular biomarkers, big data, and artificial intelligence (AI) in a precision medicine approach to screening, diagnosing, and treating ILD.