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In recent years several studies have investigated the use of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound (US) for the prenatal assessment of cardiac function and functional anomalies, especially techniques like spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL). Although the possibility to obtain more precise volumes that are essential for specific functional parameters, especially when accounting for complex structures as the right ventricle, current guidelines still do not recognize these techniques as additional tools that can be used in the daily practice to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the fetal cardiac function. Thus, the role of functional 3D/4D echocardiography remains still limited to research settings, where so far has yielded encouraging results, nonetheless.

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3D Ultrasound in the Assessment of Fetal Heart Function and Functional Anomalies

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Elena D’Alberti,
  • Ilenia Mappa,
  • Giuseppe Rizzo

摘要

In recent years several studies have investigated the use of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound (US) for the prenatal assessment of cardiac function and functional anomalies, especially techniques like spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL). Although the possibility to obtain more precise volumes that are essential for specific functional parameters, especially when accounting for complex structures as the right ventricle, current guidelines still do not recognize these techniques as additional tools that can be used in the daily practice to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the fetal cardiac function. Thus, the role of functional 3D/4D echocardiography remains still limited to research settings, where so far has yielded encouraging results, nonetheless.