Instructional technology is a field with a long history of using, adapting, and creating all forms of technology in the pursuit of supporting and improving teaching and learning. Although Q methodology has long been used in a variety of educational disciplines, its use in instructional technology has been virtually nonexistent until recently. This chapter explores two new and emerging areas for using Q in instructional technology. The first is learner analysis, an important and early step in the instructional design process. Understanding how the instruction is understood and received from the point of view of learners (i.e., gaining empathy) is essential for instruction to be successful. The second area is using Q directly within instruction, an approach called Q pedagogy, which is most practical through the use of customized computer software for administering Q sorts in classroom settings. An extension of Q pedagogy is the building of learner personas for use in instruction.