The home learning environment is uniquely related to children’s learning and development, and many advancements have been made in our understanding of children’s learning in the home. Yet, there are inconsistencies in how the home learning environment is conceptualized and measured, which limits our ability to advance research in this area. In particular, it is unclear how domains of the home learning environment—the home literacy environment (HLE) being of specific interest—fit into the larger home learning framework. In this chapter, we provide an overview of how the home learning environment has been conceptualized, how the HLE relates to other domains of the home learning environment (e.g., math, executive function), and how the domains are related to children’s cross-domain outcomes. We highlight the need for consistency of definitions and measurement to further our understanding of ways to support caregivers in fostering high quality home learning environments for their children.