The influence of iron oxide pigments and two types of superplasticizers on the properties of expanded clay concrete for floating reinforced concrete structures has been investigated. Red pigment Fe2O3 and yellow pigment FeO(OH) were used. Sulphate-resistant Portland cement and expanded clay gravel were used for the concrete production. Concretes with polycarboxylate superplasticizer and superplasticizer S-3 based on naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde were compared. It was found that the use of 10 kg/m3 pigment does not change the compressive strength of expanded clay concrete. With using 20 kg/m3 pigment, the concrete strength decreases by 1.0–2.5 MPa. Concretes with polycarboxylate superplasticizer have 0.8–2.2 MPa higher compressive strength than similar concretes with superplasticizer S-3 due to the smaller W/C of the mixture. Regardless of the amount of pigment and the type of superplasticizer, the flexural strength of all concretes was in the range of 6.1–6.3 MPa. The water permeability of all the investigated concretes was at least W10, the frost resistance was from F450 to F500. The use of the red pigment Fe2O3 changes the color of concrete more intensively than the use of the yellow pigment FeO(OH). The mechanical properties and durability of colored lightweight expanded clay concrete make it possible to use this material for the construction of floating reinforced concrete structures.