Mango (Mangifera indica L.), popularly known as “The King of Fruits”, is a native of Southeast Asia that has been cultivated for more than 4000 years. Currently grown in over 120 countries, India and Pakistan dominate global production, contributing 76.5% of the total. In Pakistan, Punjab and Sindh provinces are key contributors to mango cultivation, with significant regional variations in yield. Although the potential yield of mangoes is 21.6 tons per hectare, the average farm yields are significantly lower at 9.96 tons per hectare, primarily due to stress induced by both biotic and abiotic factors. In terms of biotic factors, insect pests, numbering over 400 species, pose a significant threat to mango production. These pests infest various parts of the mango plant at different growth stages, causing significant damage. The mango industry in Pakistan also faces challenges in international markets, with pest infestations, particularly fruit flies, fruit borers, stone weevils, and white scales, affecting export quality and prices. This chapter sheds light on the ecological dynamics of mango pests, highlighting the need for sustainable, eco-friendly pest management strategies to protect mango orchards and improve yield and quality. By understanding pest biology and refining control methods, this chapter aims to enhance the resilience of mango farming systems in the face of evolving pest pressures.