This chapter revisits the turn-of-the-twentieth-century context in which Ebenezer Howard’s book To-Morrow led to the creation of a movement for garden cities in Britain and the planning of the first English Garden City at Letchworth. The chapter first explores the appropriation of the Garden City diagram by bourgeois reformers, industrialists, and imperialist interests as a strategy to counter the physical and cultural degeneration of the nation’s urban working-class. These interest groups saw the Garden City in part as a means of regulating working-class health through town planning and physical training. The chapter then revisits the planning of Letchworth and the ideas of the new town’s primary architects: the British planners Sir Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker. Attention is given to their ideas of healthy living and physical culture, and how this shaped their overall approach to planning Letchworth. The chapter argues that, due in part to the cultural politics that shaped Unwin and Parker’s understanding of the ideal conditions for healthy living, the result was a conception of garden city planning based in part on the promotion of Anglo, middle-class, pastoral forms of recreation.