Earthquakes leave behind vast amounts of debris, ranging from collapsed building materials to hazardous chemicals and even decaying organic matter. This debris not only hinders recovery efforts but poses significant environmental and health risks, including air and water pollution, disrupted ecosystems, and long-term health issues like respiratory diseases and infections. This chapter explores the complex challenges of managing earthquake debris sustainably, highlighting its environmental impact—from toxic dust and chemical contamination to habitat destruction and invasive species. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable debris management practices, such as recycling and proper disposal, to mitigate these risks. By addressing the hidden threats of earthquake debris, this chapter underscores the need for global awareness and action to protect both human health and the planet’s ecosystems after natural disasters.