Droughts may not grab attention like hurricanes or tornadoes, but their slow onset and long-lasting impacts can also be devastating. They can persist for years, affecting everything from water supplies to food security and public health. In this chapter, we explore the different types of droughts—meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic—and how they impact our environment and well-being. You’ll learn how droughts worsen water quality, making diseases more likely to spread, and how they disrupt food production, leading to malnutrition and starvation in vulnerable populations. We also discuss how droughts contribute to the spread of viruses and reduce air quality, increasing health risks like respiratory issues. By understanding these effects, we can better prepare for and reduce the harm caused by droughts to protect our health and future.