The stratigraphic column of the ZFTB is characterized with numerous lithological units with favorable reservoir rock properties. These mostly include carbonate rocks with highly permeable grainy facies and carbonates with enhanced poro-perm characteristics due to either fracturing or dissolution. From a broader perspective, the paleo-climatic conditions of the ZFTB controlled the reservoir quality of the carbonate rocks and the lithology of the associated seal rocks (i.e., evaporites versus shales). Under arid climates, predominantly grainy carbonates were formed in association with evaporitic interbeds (e.g., the packstone/grainstone facies in the Permo-Triassic Dalan/Kangan formations, the Jurassic Surmeh Formation, and the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation carbonates). In contrast, argillaceous carbonates with inferior reservoir qualities were deposited under humid paleoclimates in association with shale interbeds (e.g., the carbonates of the Lower Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation and the Middle Cretaceous Sarvak/Ilam formations). Limited proportions of coarse-grained siliciclastic sediments occur in the stratigraphic record of the ZFTB, which can be prolific reservoirs when sealed by transgressive shales. The deposition of sandstone reservoirs coincide with strong clastic influxes into the paleo-depositional environments during periods of sea-level fall.