In this chapter, we examine the progress of recent years in the advanced technologies of biofuel production. We are concentrating on solutions that tackle the issues associated with first-generation biofuels, including poor energy density and environmental impacts. This study’s key components include the identification of innovative raw materials, advancements in pre-treatment methodologies, upgrades in conversion technologies, and the incorporation of biorefinery concepts. The purpose of this chapter is to examine how these technologies can help create a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. This study will address commercialization considerations, environmental impacts and risks, and energy efficiency. Looking at recent researches and developments, we intend to identify promising paths for the commercialization of advanced biofuels and their integration into the global energy structure.