Headache is a debilitating disorder. Migraine itself is one of the leading causes of disability according to the Global Burden of Disease Study. Diagnosis of primary headache disorders and recognition of red flags for secondary headache syndromes are built on a complete history and physical examination. In this chapter, the headache history is divided into five main categories: family history, life history, attack history, past medical and psychiatric history, and treatment history. Each category is explained in detail with examples. We connect cases to make it illustrate important real-life clinical experiences. In addition to the importance of neurological examination, we point out the relevant general examination findings. Pertinent validated questionnaires and the use of diaries are summarized at the end.