After violent conflict, the OSCE has focused on peace-building in its participating States, including trying to move beyond war, crisis, and unstable peace to stable peace and if possible to durable peace. These stages require not only ending direct violence but also eliminating “structural violence” based on political, economic, and social marginalization, especially of persons belonging to ethnic minorities. Conflict resolution efforts at this stage include negotiating differences through problem-solving negotiations and creating social, political, and economic institutions that provide shared benefits for all members of society. Therefore, the OSCE institutions that played the most active role in this stage included the Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and the High Commissioner on National Minorities.