In response to the frequent occurrence of spontaneous combustion disasters in Fushun West Open Pit Mine, which has led to environmental pollution and production safety issues, coal samples were taken on site for laboratory industrial analysis and high-temperature programmed heating experiments, and the results of coal quality analysis and the laws of gas evolution during the spontaneous combustion process were obtained. The specific surface area and pore size distribution show that the minerals are prone to oxidation and adsorption, and the apparent structural characteristics explain why the minerals are prone to oxidation and spontaneous combustion. The oxidation heating process releases huge amounts of heat, which promotes the further development of self-heating to spontaneous combustion. Spontaneous combustion in open-pit mines not only affects the ecological environment, but also destroys high-quality coal resources, reduces slope strength, and may further trigger geological disasters such as landslides. An infrared thermal imaging system can be used to accurately delineate high-temperature self-heating and spontaneous combustion areas by combining auxiliary isotope radon measurement and borehole temperature measurement, so as to select appropriate prevention and control measures for precise management, effectively controlling the development of spontaneous combustion in the mine.