The reservoir is a vital water source for agricultural and grain production. However, with increasing human activity, it has been continuously receiving substantial amounts of inorganic and organic pollutants from the surrounding watershed. These pollutants accumulate in the bottom sediment of the reservoir through various physical, chemical, and biological processes, resulting in a decline in water quality. In the reservoir's ecosystem, the sediment serves as an exchange medium for elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, functioning as either a “source” or a “sink” for these nutrients [1–3]. By sampling and analyzing the concentrations and distributions of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and organic pollutants within the sediment, this study examines the static release dynamics of these key pollutants. The findings reveal that carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal contamination in the sediment is significant, with external sources identified as the primary contributors. Therefore, implementing pollution control strategies that focus on source management is recommended to protect the aquatic ecosystem and ensure human health.