Human society is facing a series of severe challenges, including climate change, resource scarcity, population growth, and environmental degradation. Among these urgent issues, light pollution, an invisible form of pollution in modern society, has increasingly become a focus of public attention and concern for decision-makers. This is due to its wide-ranging effects, complex mechanisms, and profound impacts on both humans and ecosystems. The concept of night sky protection is an ecological initiative aimed at reducing light pollution and safeguarding the night sky and its landscapes. It advocates for minimizing damage to nighttime environments and ecosystems. Night sky planning serves as an effective method to protect the ecological environment, reduce energy waste, and promote environmental education. This article found that excessive lighting, inefficient lighting technology, improper lighting design, lack of planning and management in lighting, and lack of public awareness are the main reasons for urban light pollution. Measures such as using shaded lamps, adjusting the brightness of lighting, utilizing warm-colored light sources, developing and implementing light pollution regulations, and designating night protection areas are effective in controlling urban light pollution. At the same time, it is necessary to effectively control and reduce urban light pollution through methods of night sky protection planning. These methods include light environment planning, the issuance of night sky protection regulations, night sky environmental education, and other aspects of night sky protection planning.