This chapter examines the unique challenges and traits of effective R&D leadership, differentiating between visionary R&D Leaders and operationally focused R&D Managers. It explores the leadership styles and skills required to foster innovation, manage multidisciplinary teams, and navigate organizational dynamics. Drawing on insights from studies and frameworks, the chapter highlights the balance between technical expertise and interpersonal skills essential for R&D leaders. Key concepts such as Rockstar and Superstar archetypes are applied to R&D roles, emphasizing the importance of aligning leadership styles with organizational needs. The chapter concludes with the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership, adapted to R&D contexts, offering actionable strategies to inspire vision, enable collaboration, and drive innovation within complex, high-stakes environments.