This chapter fleshes out the typology of Islamist turns (accommodativeIslamist turn(s)accommodative or accommodationist, restitutiveIslamist turn(s)restitutive, legalisticIslamist turn(s)legalistic, and totalitarianIslamist turn(s)totalitarian) as the outcome of interest to the book in the four country cases. It dissects each turn on three dimensions: (1) symbolic; (2) substantive; and (3) promotive. The symbolic dimension concerns the outward, publicly visible signs of the turn, while the substantive dimension has to do with the favourable treatment of Islamic reproduction and enhancement activities in the allocation of economic, political, and administrative resources. The promotive dimension pertains to the dissemination of an explicitly Islam-affirming message among the general public.