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In regions marked by aridity and semi-aridity, water quality presents a paramount challenge, yet comprehensive insights into this concern remain scarce. This research centers on appraising water quality for both human consumption and agricultural utilization within the Essaouira basin. Sampling campaigns conducted in July 2020 encompassed the Plio-Quaternary, Cenomano-Turonian, and Hauterivian aquifers, as well as surface water bodies. Rigorous hydrogeochemical analyses were performed to scrutinize the water's chemical composition. The study establishes diverse parameters to gauge the fitness of water quality for human and agricultural usage. Stricter regulations underscore more than 70 criteria dictating water quality adherence to stringent standards. A continuous monitoring process ensures the water's potability, identifies contamination sources of anthropogenic or natural origins, and underpins water resource sustainability. The primary focus of the investigation lies in assessing the physicochemical quality of key chemical elements (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, HCO3–, SO42–, and NO3–) in alignment with the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2017 stipulations. Findings reveal that most elemental concentrations align with acceptable thresholds. For agricultural purposes, an array of indices were employed, encompassing Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Sodium Percentage, Kelly's Ratio, Magnesium Ratio, Corrosivity Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Permeability Index, and Electrical Conductivity. Distinctive variances in water quality emerge across sampling points. While water quality largely conforms to the established standards across the indices, elevated EC and CR values signify areas warranting focused interventions. Notably, almost 50% of points exhibit subpar EC quality, demanding immediate attention. This study resonates as an invaluable endeavor, striving to illuminate the diagnostic spectrum of aquifer pollution within the confines of the challenging semi-arid milieu of the Essaouira basin. By offering a comprehensive evaluation of water quality for both human and agricultural needs, this research stands to inform and enrich water resource management strategies.

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Diagnosing the Pollution Degree of Coastal Aquifers: A Case Study of the Essaouira Basin

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Abdellatif Rafik,
  • Mohammed Bahir,
  • Abdelaziz Beljadid,
  • Driss Ouazar,
  • Abdelghani Chehbouni,
  • Driss Dhiba,
  • Salah Ouhamdouch

摘要

In regions marked by aridity and semi-aridity, water quality presents a paramount challenge, yet comprehensive insights into this concern remain scarce. This research centers on appraising water quality for both human consumption and agricultural utilization within the Essaouira basin. Sampling campaigns conducted in July 2020 encompassed the Plio-Quaternary, Cenomano-Turonian, and Hauterivian aquifers, as well as surface water bodies. Rigorous hydrogeochemical analyses were performed to scrutinize the water's chemical composition. The study establishes diverse parameters to gauge the fitness of water quality for human and agricultural usage. Stricter regulations underscore more than 70 criteria dictating water quality adherence to stringent standards. A continuous monitoring process ensures the water's potability, identifies contamination sources of anthropogenic or natural origins, and underpins water resource sustainability. The primary focus of the investigation lies in assessing the physicochemical quality of key chemical elements (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl–, HCO3–, SO42–, and NO3–) in alignment with the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2017 stipulations. Findings reveal that most elemental concentrations align with acceptable thresholds. For agricultural purposes, an array of indices were employed, encompassing Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Sodium Percentage, Kelly's Ratio, Magnesium Ratio, Corrosivity Ratio, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Permeability Index, and Electrical Conductivity. Distinctive variances in water quality emerge across sampling points. While water quality largely conforms to the established standards across the indices, elevated EC and CR values signify areas warranting focused interventions. Notably, almost 50% of points exhibit subpar EC quality, demanding immediate attention. This study resonates as an invaluable endeavor, striving to illuminate the diagnostic spectrum of aquifer pollution within the confines of the challenging semi-arid milieu of the Essaouira basin. By offering a comprehensive evaluation of water quality for both human and agricultural needs, this research stands to inform and enrich water resource management strategies.