The large-span beam-arch composite system bridge is subjected to huge axial force and bending moment, and the structure is complicated and prone to cracking, which affects the operational safety of the bridge. To investigate the local stress state of the arch-beam joint of the basket-type arch-beam combined system bridge, this paper conducted a refined finite element simulation analysis on the basket-type steel box arch with the Wulong River Bridge of Fuzhou-Changle Airport Intercity Railway as the engineering background, and deeply investigated the stress distribution and structural safety of the arch-beam joint. The results showed that the local model was consistent with the stress distribution of the whole bridge rod system model under the same loading, which ensured the reliability of the analytical results. Under the most unfavorable loading condition, the shear force was small and did not play a key role, the axial force was pressure and did not vary much, the arch was compressed and the arch back was tensile. The overall stress of the local model was uniform, and the overall stress level of the structure was lower than the design strength of the material, so the structure was reasonably stressed and met the design requirements.