Six major sedimentary rock outcropping lithofacies units allowed a detailed comprehension of the hydrodynamics and sedimentation of the studied sedimentary rock units of the Anambra Basin. They comprise limestone, siltstone, mudstone, shale, and variable sandstone grain size parameters. The rocks were studied and logged for a holistic appraisal and comprehension of the tidal equilibrium and dynamic tidal theory (model). This demonstrates effects of current, waves and quite water mechanics relationship and other hydrodynamic intricacies inherent in the Anambra Basin during sediment deposition. Several outcrops at spring watersheds, rivers, road cuts, gullies and quarry sites were exposed. They present a relative NNE-SSW strike line and a dipping inclination of NNW direction with an average dip amount of 6°. The studied shale lithologies are black to grey colored, carbonaceous, faulted, and interlaminated with open and closed fractures. The facies are intermittently overlain and underlain by bioturbated, plane planar laminated and planar crossbeded sandstone. It displays a systematic vertical and lateral facies change of the sandstone layers strengthened in the stacked heterolithic and parallel laminated siltstone and shale with an erosional base significant of rip-up clasts. The joint orientation trends NW-SE and NE-SW with paleocurrent measurements highlights of the diverse sedimentary structural trap dynamics of the footwall and hanging wall of a normal fault along with a series of open and closed joints structural elements of the studied outcrops. The research in this chapter upholds the dynamics of the geologic concept of ‘time and space’ in the deposition and structural reorientation of deposited sediments through tectonics build-up activities on the earth’s crust.

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Outcrop-Based Studies and Lithologic Description of Outcropping Stratigraphic Successions

  • Kachikwulu Kingsley Okeke

摘要

Six major sedimentary rock outcropping lithofacies units allowed a detailed comprehension of the hydrodynamics and sedimentation of the studied sedimentary rock units of the Anambra Basin. They comprise limestone, siltstone, mudstone, shale, and variable sandstone grain size parameters. The rocks were studied and logged for a holistic appraisal and comprehension of the tidal equilibrium and dynamic tidal theory (model). This demonstrates effects of current, waves and quite water mechanics relationship and other hydrodynamic intricacies inherent in the Anambra Basin during sediment deposition. Several outcrops at spring watersheds, rivers, road cuts, gullies and quarry sites were exposed. They present a relative NNE-SSW strike line and a dipping inclination of NNW direction with an average dip amount of 6°. The studied shale lithologies are black to grey colored, carbonaceous, faulted, and interlaminated with open and closed fractures. The facies are intermittently overlain and underlain by bioturbated, plane planar laminated and planar crossbeded sandstone. It displays a systematic vertical and lateral facies change of the sandstone layers strengthened in the stacked heterolithic and parallel laminated siltstone and shale with an erosional base significant of rip-up clasts. The joint orientation trends NW-SE and NE-SW with paleocurrent measurements highlights of the diverse sedimentary structural trap dynamics of the footwall and hanging wall of a normal fault along with a series of open and closed joints structural elements of the studied outcrops. The research in this chapter upholds the dynamics of the geologic concept of ‘time and space’ in the deposition and structural reorientation of deposited sediments through tectonics build-up activities on the earth’s crust.