From a social science vantage point, health is defined as an individual’s entire fitness, which guarantees optimal fulfillment of responsibilities. The socialization and enculturation processes enable every society’s members to fulfill their responsibilities according to their social rank. The field of anthropology has emerged as a leading authority on health-related topics due to its well-known holistic approach, extensive fieldwork, tradition, qualitative research, cognitive viewpoint on challenges, and evolving view of development. Both theoretical and practical implications can be derived from anthropological studies of health-seeking behavior in local communities and in less developed nations. The problem studied and the communities’ use or non-use of traditional and modern health services are both examined and conceptualized in this work, along with health, curative practices, the role of health care practitioners, cognitive perception of illness, and management of illness. According to medical anthropology, cultural factors play a significant role in shaping people’s health, either by increasing our vulnerability to disease or by reducing it through the ways in which our social and physical environments are structured. Communities’ health issues and needs are context and situational dependent. Therefore, in order to create effective programs and services, it is essential to comprehend how different cultures view health and illness. In order to propose changes to practices and behaviors linked to illness incidence, public health initiatives necessitate an understanding of the community’s cultural characteristics.