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Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a size range be-tween 30 and 150 nm. They are an emerging approach in disease diagnostic and therapeutic applications since they carry and transfer disease specific proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Despite their large potential, the clinical translation of exosome-based diagnostics faces some challenges, particularly the techniques for their isolation and characterization that are not standardized and scalable. This review is a comprehensive analysis of major physical, chemical, and biological approaches applied in the isolation of exosomes, including ultracentrifugation, polymer precipitation, and immunocapture. For each of these approaches, we point out their strengths and limitations, focusing on clinical relevance within the context of precision medicine and cancer diagnostics. Furthermore, we discuss emerging technologies that can over-come these challenges such as microfluidics and tangential flow filtration, and we suggest the direction of future research for improving the clinical utility of exosome-based diagnostics. Eventually, this could translate into a revolution non-invasive diagnostics methods and open new avenues for personalized therapies.

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Systematic Review of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Approaches for Exosome Isolation Towards Optimizing Methods in Clinical Diagnostics

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ayoub Slalmi,
  • Nabila Rabbah,
  • Ikram Debbarh,
  • Ilham Battas,
  • Hicham Medromi,
  • Abdelmjid Abourriche

摘要

Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a size range be-tween 30 and 150 nm. They are an emerging approach in disease diagnostic and therapeutic applications since they carry and transfer disease specific proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Despite their large potential, the clinical translation of exosome-based diagnostics faces some challenges, particularly the techniques for their isolation and characterization that are not standardized and scalable. This review is a comprehensive analysis of major physical, chemical, and biological approaches applied in the isolation of exosomes, including ultracentrifugation, polymer precipitation, and immunocapture. For each of these approaches, we point out their strengths and limitations, focusing on clinical relevance within the context of precision medicine and cancer diagnostics. Furthermore, we discuss emerging technologies that can over-come these challenges such as microfluidics and tangential flow filtration, and we suggest the direction of future research for improving the clinical utility of exosome-based diagnostics. Eventually, this could translate into a revolution non-invasive diagnostics methods and open new avenues for personalized therapies.