As the global population grows, the demand for energy continues to rise, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Fossil fuel consumption has long been associated with environmental degradation and greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring its unsustainable nature. Among renewable energy sources, biofuels have emerged as a viable alternative, offering renewable energy from biological sources. Food waste (FW), which makes up nearly one-third of global food production, is a valuable yet underutilized resource for biofuel production. This chapter explores the characteristics of FW and its potential as a feedstock for producing liquid and gaseous biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel, methane, and hydrogen. The development of innovative biofuel technologies not only improves waste management but also offers a path to reducing reliance on fossil fuels, promoting a sustainable energy transition.