Water treatment is defined as any unit process that alters the chemical, physical, and bacteriological characteristics of water to render it safe for human consumption and appealing to consumers. Additionally, treatment serves to safeguard water distribution system components from corrosion (Wacławek et al. in Chem. Eng. J. 330:44–62, 2017). Water treatment encompasses a series of unit processes, such as screening, sedimentation, flotation, coagulation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, gas transfer, oxidation, biological reactions, and disinfection. When implemented continuously with all necessary engineering components and accessories, this assembly of processes constitutes a water treatment plant (WTP). The primary objective of a WTP is to bring about the desired change in water quality, irrespective of the source of the water under treatment.