Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a crucial but often overlooked oceanic parameter that significantly influences the environment, mainly marine ecosystems. It plays a vital role in shaping the water cycle, predicting the global water balance, and enhancing our comprehension of ocean currents. Generally, Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) measurements obtained through in situ techniques, such as those conducted by ships, moored buoys, and profiling floats, are unable to provide extensive spatial and temporal resolution datasets. The advancement in space-based observation has introduced Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) measurements through the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, enabling global SSS measurements. This information is crucial for climate studies, weather monitoring, and coastal surveillance. This paper focuses on evaluating the seasonal variability of sea surface salinity in Malaysian waters utilising data from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. The study extracts two years of corrected SSS data (from January 2022 to December 2023) from the European Space Agency (ESA) website. The extracted data is used to assess the SSS changes due to seasonal monsoon. Two major monsoons assessed include the Southwest monsoon (SW) and Northeast monsoon (NE). The analysis of seasonal variability reveals that the coastal area of the Malaysian Sea exhibits higher sea surface salinity during the SW monsoon compared to the NE monsoon. The study demonstrates that seasonal changes in Malaysia play a pivotal role in influencing the variations in sea surface salinity (SSS) over the Malaysian waters. Consequently, the findings of this paper could offer valuable insights into SSS conditions for local authorities, aiding in the mitigation and monitoring of the effects of climate change.

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Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Salinity in Malaysian Waters Using Space-Based Observation of SMOS

  • Syarif Abdul Asa’ad Jairin,
  • Ami Hassan Md Din,
  • Mat Nizam Uti,
  • Mohammad Hanif Hamden,
  • Zamri Ismail

摘要

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a crucial but often overlooked oceanic parameter that significantly influences the environment, mainly marine ecosystems. It plays a vital role in shaping the water cycle, predicting the global water balance, and enhancing our comprehension of ocean currents. Generally, Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) measurements obtained through in situ techniques, such as those conducted by ships, moored buoys, and profiling floats, are unable to provide extensive spatial and temporal resolution datasets. The advancement in space-based observation has introduced Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) measurements through the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission, enabling global SSS measurements. This information is crucial for climate studies, weather monitoring, and coastal surveillance. This paper focuses on evaluating the seasonal variability of sea surface salinity in Malaysian waters utilising data from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. The study extracts two years of corrected SSS data (from January 2022 to December 2023) from the European Space Agency (ESA) website. The extracted data is used to assess the SSS changes due to seasonal monsoon. Two major monsoons assessed include the Southwest monsoon (SW) and Northeast monsoon (NE). The analysis of seasonal variability reveals that the coastal area of the Malaysian Sea exhibits higher sea surface salinity during the SW monsoon compared to the NE monsoon. The study demonstrates that seasonal changes in Malaysia play a pivotal role in influencing the variations in sea surface salinity (SSS) over the Malaysian waters. Consequently, the findings of this paper could offer valuable insights into SSS conditions for local authorities, aiding in the mitigation and monitoring of the effects of climate change.