The chapter Fragmentation and Dissolution of the Public Sphere revisits the changes in the communication system to analyse how these transformations affect the process of shaping public opinion. After re-examining the concepts of public space and public sphere, this section focuses on the characteristics of the so-called mediasphere, the public sphere agreed upon by and within the mass media. It then discusses how the changes experienced in recent decades, following the introduction of digital technologies, have contributed to the definition of the post-media public sphere, where public space has expanded and fragmented. This section highlights the contradictory consequences of a process in which informational pluralism and the multiplicity of messages, rather than fostering a large public space that encourages exchange and the search for consensus, have led to the creation of multiple public spaces and greater polarisation. The causes that have blurred Habermas’ concept of an inclusive public sphere of debate and consensus are analysed, illustrating how these changes have led to an increase in noise, the dispersion of voices, and fragmentation, alongside a shortage of references. Echo chambers have further entrenched comfort spaces, fuelled by ideological biases. Lastly, this section explores Habermas’ (2023) reflections on the democratic and deliberative potential of new digital communication platforms, which is limited by the persistence of economic interests and the often superficial, partisan, and demagogic uses of these platforms.