There is the most commonly used framework which is the ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) one to address the issue of corporate sustainability. For a few years now, the consumers, the legislators, and the groups have grown more conscious about the sustainability of the pharmaceutical sector. The exacerbation of attention to this topic can be explained by concerns regarding the implementation of sustainability concepts into the creation of novel distribution methods, environmentally friendlier products, the absence of waste, conservation of water, eco-friendlier manufacturing processes, and eco-friendly packaging. Scholars from the engineering, business, chemistry, environmental sciences and management fields have also shown interest in the sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical firms are facing an increased level of management complexity. To assure environmental, economic, and social sustainability while controlling expenses, economic reasoning has been incorporated into sustainability concerns management. Within the framework of India’s pharmaceutical sector, the goal of this study is to evaluate how WCM (working capital management) affects sustainability and economic growth. The increasing complexity in managing the sector, driven by high research and development costs, stringent regulatory compliance, and evolving market dynamics, necessitates effective WCM. By exploring the relationship between WCM and sustainability, the study aims to provide insights into how firms can align financial objectives with ESG goals, fostering long-term value creation and resilience. Through a rigorous empirical examination of the existing literature, the purpose of this study is to further academic research as well as useful decision-making in the pharmaceutical sector, ultimately fostering sustainable and inclusive economic development in India.